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Síndrome Neuroléptica Maligna Online (Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome)

Por Paulo Leite 11/09/2018

¨A Síndrome Neuroléptica Maligna (SNM) é uma das principais complicações do uso de antipsicóticos, relativamente rara, porém potencialmente fatal, podendo levar ao óbito em 10 a 20% dos casos. Esta síndrome é caracterizada pelo desenvolvimento de rigidez muscular grave e hipertermia, associados a pelo menos dois outros sintomas: diaforese, disfagia, tremor, incontinência, confusão mental/coma, mutismo, taquicardia/taquipneia, pressão arterial elevada ou instável, leucocitose; elevação da creationofosfoquinase(CPK). Os fatores de risco para desenvolvimento da SNM incluem: episódio prévio de SNM, desidratação, agitação, ingesta oral pobre, ambientes com temperatura elevada, estresse emocional, umidade e uso concomitante de lítio, agentes anticolinérgicos e alguns antidepressivos. O tratamento desta síndrome inclui suporte clínico, suspensão do antipsicótico ou outro agente causal, e ocasionalmente uso de drogas como agonistas dopaminérgicos (Bromocriptina) e Dantrolene.¨

. ■ Diagnostic, treatment, and system challenge in the management of recurrent neuroleptic malignant syndrome on a general medical services

Verma K, Jayadeva V, Serrano R, Sivashanker K.

Case Rep Psychiatry. 2018 Jun 11;2018:4016087

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6016165/

. ■ A neuroleptic malignant syndrome without rigidity

İlker Özdemir, Erkan Kuru, Yasir Safak, Rıza Gökçer Tulacı

Psychiatry Investig. 2018 Feb; 15(2): 226–229.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5900391/

. ■ Neuroleptic malignant syndrome following reintroduction of an antipsychotic after overdose

T Korchia, G Blackman, M Cermolacce, R Richieri

BMJ Case Reports july- aug 2018

http://casereports.bmj.com/content/2018/bcr-2017-223922.full

. ■ Forced diuresis and expedient blood pressure control in the management of quetiapine induced neuroleptic malignant syndrome: a case report

Neville Aquilina, Vincent Bugeja

Open Access Maced J Med Sci. 2018 Jul 20; 6(7): 1267–1270

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6062291/

. ■ Bitemporal ultra-brief pulse electroconvulsive therapy for the treatment of neuroleptic malignant syndrome in a first psychotic episode: a case report.

Marcolin, Kathy Aleixo et al.

Trends Psychiatry Psychother., Mar 2017, vol.39, no.1, p.62-63

http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S2237-60892017000100062&lng=en&nrm=iso

. ■ Neuroleptic malignant syndrome in the trauma intensive care unit: diagnosis and management of a rare disease in a challenging population

Joseph David Drews, Andrew Christopher, David Clay Evans

Int J Crit Illn Inj Sci. 2017 Apr-Jun; 7(2): 119–121

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5479074/

. ■ Early detection of an atypical presentation of neuroleptic malignant syndrome: a case report

Brittany Vickery, Lindsy Meadowcraft, Stephen B. Vickery

Ment Health Clin. 2017 May; 7(3): 137–142

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6007570/

. ■ Neuroleptic malignant syndrome: an easily overlooked neurologic emergency

Ramadhan Oruch, Ian F Pryme, Bernt A Engelsen, Anders Lund

Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2017; 13: 161–175

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5248946/

. ■ Neuroleptic malignant syndrome with thyroid disorder: na unusual case report

Fan Zhang, Parisa Kanzali, Vadim Rubin, Chris Paras, Joel Goldman

Medicine (Baltimore) 2017 Sep; 96(39): e8191

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5626322/

. ■ Drug information update: atypical antipsychotics and neuroleptic malignant syndrome: nuances and pragmatics of the association

Siddharth Sarkar, Nitin Gupta

BJPsych Bull. 2017 Aug; 41(4): 211–216

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5537576/

. ■ Atypical neuroleptic malignant syndrome associated with use of clozapine

Quevedo-Florez Leonardo, Granada-Romero Juliana, Camargo-Arenas Juan Fernando

Case Rep Emerg Med. 2017; 2017: 217437

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5337851/

. ■ Síndrome neuroléptica maligna em paciente emu so de olanzapina – relato de caso

B Mendonça, G S Mendonça, M Quitete et al

Revista Científica da FMC 2016, vol 11 (1)

http://www.fmc.br/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Rev-Cient-FMC-1-2016-26-29.pdf

. ■ Atypical neuroleptic malignant syndrome

Ann Collins, Drew Davies, Sharmila Menon

BMJ Case Rep. 2016; 2016: bcr201621490

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4932411/

. ■ Second-generation antipsychotics and neuroleptic malignant syndrome: systematic review and case report analysis

Martino Belvederi Murri, Argentina Guaglianone, Michele Bugliani et al

Drugs R D. 2015 Mar; 15(1): 45–62

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4359181/

. ■ Neuroleptic malignant syndrome: a review from a clinically oriented perspective

L Tse, A M Barr, V Scarapicchia, F Vila-Rodriguez

Curr Neuropharmacol 2015, vol 13 (3): 395-406

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4812801/

. ■ A rare case of neuroleptic malignant syndrome withut elevated serum creatine kinase

Koichi Nisijima, Katutoshi Shioda

Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2014; 10: 403–407

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3938441/

. ■ Serotonin syndrome versus neuroleptic malignant syndrome: a challenging clinical quandary

Rupal Dosi, Annirudh Ambaliya, Harshal Joshi, Rushad Patell

BMJ Case Rep. 2014; 2014: bcr2014204154

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4069678/

. ■ Delirium followed by neuroleptic malignant syndrome in rehabilitation setting. Is it anger reaction before discharge?

Rafat M Al Owesie, Asirvatham Alwin Robert

Pan Afr Med J. 2013; 15: 26

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3758850/

. ■ Antipsychotic dose escalation as a trigger for neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS): literature review and case series report

Julie Langan, Daniel Martin, Polash Shajahan, Daniel J Smith

BMC Psychiatry. 2012; 12: 214.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3546951/

. ■ Catatonía periódica o síndrome neuroléptico maligno: claves para un reto diagnóstico.

Sánchez García, Javier, Rezende Borges, Livia de and Vera López, Ignacio

Rev. Asoc. Esp. Neuropsiq., Set 2012, vol.32, no.115, p.597-60

http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0211-57352012000300010&lng=es&nrm=iso

. ■ Neuroleptic malignant syndrome

Moscovich, Mariana et al.

Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr., Oct 2011, vol.69, no.5, p.751-755

http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0004-282X2011000600005&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en

. ■ Neuroleptic malignant syndrome: a neuroimmunologic hypothesis

Rebecca E. Anglin, Patricia I. Rosebush, Michael F. Mazurek

CMAJ. 2010 Dec 14; 182(18): E834–E838

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3001529/

. ■ Neuroleptic malignant syndrome in children and adolescents on atypical antipsychotic medication: a review

Rachel Neuhut, Jean-Pierre Lindenmayer, Raul Silva

J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 2009 Aug; 19(4): 415–422

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2861947/

. ■ The problem of atypical neuroleptic malignant syndrome: a case report

Brendan T. Carroll, Susan A. Surber

Psychiatry (Edgmont) 2009 Jul; 6(7): 45–47

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2728938/

. ■ Síndrome neuroléptica maligna de paciente em uso de olanzapina

Medeiros, Fabrício Lins de et al.

bras. psiquiatr., 2008, vol.57, no.2, p.145-147

http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0047-20852008000200012&lng=en&nrm=iso

. ■ Neuroleptic malignant syndrome induced by atypical neuroleptics and responsive to lorazepam

Adeeb Yacoub, Andrew Francis

Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2006 Jun; 2(2): 235–240.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2671780/

. ■ Uso de olanzapina e eletroconvulsoterapia em um paciente com esquizofrenia catatônica refratária e antecedentes de síndrome neuroléptica maligna

Alvarenga, Pedro Gomes de and Rigonatti, Sérgio Paulo

Rev. psiquiatr. Rio Gd. Sul, Dez 2005, vol.27, no.3, p.324-327

http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0101-81082005000300012&lng=en&nrm=iso

. ■ Neuroleptic malignant syndrome: diagnostic and therapeutic dilemmas

Abebaw Fekadu, Jonathan I. Bisson

Behav Neurol. 2005; 16(1): 9–13

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5478846/

. ■ Síndrome neuroléptico maligno y poliserositis en paciente usuaria de clozapina: una asociación infrecuente

Eymin L, Gonzalo et al.

Rev. méd. Chile, Oct 2005, vol.133, no.10, p.1225-1228

https://scielo.conicyt.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0034-98872005001000012&lng=es&nrm=iso

. ■ Síndrome neuroléptico maligno e hiponatremia relacionados con una intoxicación por risperidona

Epelde Gonzalo, F.

An. Med. Interna (Madrid), Ene 2002, vol.19, no.1, p.50-50

http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0212-71992002000100013&lng=es&nrm=iso

by Dr Paulo Fernando Leite

■ Cardiologia/Prevenção Cardiovascular

■ Estratificação de Risco Cardiovascular

Av Contorno 8351 – Conj 01

Belo Horizonte/MG/Brasil

Tel: 31 32919216 2917003 3357229

(- consulta particular –)

CRMMG: 7026

Email: pfleite1873@gmail.com

Síndrome de Capgras Online (Capgras Syndrome)

Por Paulo Leite 10/09/2018

¨A síndrome de Capgras é um transtorno delirante caracterizado pela crença de que uma pessoa familiar foi substituída por um impostor ou réplica visualmente semelhante. Raramente, o foco delirante pode ser objetos e não pessoas. Sintomas associados podem incluir sentimentos de despersonalização e desrealização. O curso da doença pode ser breve, recorrente ou persistente. A neuropatologia da síndrome de Capgras é pouco conhecida, mas a condição tem sido associada a uma variedade de distúrbios incluindo tumores cerebrais, distúrbios neurodegenerativos, lesões cerebrais traumáticas, doenças vasculares incluindo encefalopatia hipertensiva, doenças infecciosas, distúrbios metabólicos, endocrinopatias, deficiências vitamínicas, drogas e toxinas e epilepsias. Várias regiões do cérebro foram implicadas. O distúrbio é classificado como uma síndrome de identificação incorreta delirante que envolve alterações persistentes em entidades de significado pessoal. Essas alterações são classificadas no DSM-IV e na CID-10 sob transtornos delirantes persistentes não especificados. Existe uma prevalência de 0,12% no geral. e a doença é mais frequente em mulheres, negros e esquizofrênicos. A síndrome de Capgras tem alta incidência (15%) em pacientes com diagnóstico de esquizofrenia e tem incidência entre 2% e 30% naqueles com doença de Alzheimer. Pode apresentar-se de forma aguda, transitória ou crônica. A síndrome de Capgras em pacientes sem doença neurodegenerativa ocorre tipicamente em uma idade mais jovem e pode estar associada a doença psiquiátrica, eventos cerebrovasculares e uso de drogas ilícitas. Até o momento, não está claro se existem diferenças entre a síndrome de Capgras, como ocorre em doenças neurodegenerativas em comparação com doenças não neurodegenerativas.¨

■ ¨Capgras¨ delusions involving belongings, not people, and evolving visual hallucinations associated with occipital lobe seizures

Brandon Lilly, Erika Maynard, Kelly Melvin, Suzanne Holroyd

Case Rep Psychiatry. 2018; 2018: 1459869

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5863322/

■ Uncovering Capgras delusions using a large-scale medical records database

Vaughan Bell, Caryl Marshall, Zara Kanji et al

BJPsych Open. 2017 Jul; 3(4): 179–185

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5541249/

■ Capgras syndrome in a first-episode, late-onset and super-refractory schizophrenia case.

Junho, Bruno T. et al.

Arch. Clin. Psychiatry (São Paulo), May 2018, vol.45, no.3, p.77-77

http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0101-60832018000300077&lng=pt&nrm=iso

■ Finding the imposter: brain connectivity of lesions causing delusional misidentifications

R Ryan Darby, Simon Laganiere, Alvaro Pascual-Leone et al

Brain. 2017 Feb; 140(2): 497–507

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5278302/

■ ¨Myxoedema madness¨ with Capgras syndrome and catatonic features responsive to combination olanzapine and levothyroxine

Maksim A Shlykov, Swapnil Rath, Alison Badger, Gerald Scott Winder

BMJ Case Rep. 2016; 2016: bcr2016215957

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5020713/

■ Capgras delusion for animals and inanimate objects in Parkinson´s disease: a case report

L Islam, S Piacentini, P Soliveri et al

BMC Psychiatry 2015, vol 15: 73

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4394395/

■ Capgras syndrome associated with limbic encephalitis in a patient with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.

Soares Neto, Herval Ribeiro et al.

Dement. neuropsychol., Mar 2016, vol.10, no.1, p.63-69

http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1980-57642016000100063&lng=pt&nrm=iso&tlng=en

■ Capgras syndrome in a patient with Parkinson´s disease after bilateral subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation: a case report

Christina Rose Kyrtsos, Mark C. Stahl et al

Case Rep Neurol. 2015 May-Aug; 7(2): 127–133

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4464017/

■ Capgras´syndrome in na elderly patient with dementia

Stephanie Sutton, Vedavani Tiruveedhula, Ujjwala Jain, Ashish Sharma

Prim Care Companion CNS Disord. 2014; 16(1): PCC.13l01570

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4048136/

■ Capgras´s and Cotard´s delusions associated with a particular patterns of cerebral activity in a severely depressed patient

Faycal Mouaffak, Pierre Lavaud, Franz Hozer et al

Prim Care Companion CNS Disord. 2014; 16(4): 10.4088/PCC.14l01641

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4318670/

■ The masks of identies: Who´s Who? Delusional misidentification syndromes

C A Klein, S Hirachan

Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Online 2014, vol 42 (3): 369-378

http://jaapl.org/content/42/3/369

■ Nature and extend of person recognition impairment associated with Capgras syndrome in Lewy body dementia

Chris M. Fiacconi, Victoria Barkley, Elizabeth C. Finger et al

Front Hum Neurosci. 2014; 8: 726

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4173644/

■ The comorbidity of reduplicativeparamnesia, intermetarmorphosis, reverse-intermetamorphosis, misidentification of reflection, and Capgras syndrome in a adolescent patient

Ozden Arısoy, A. Evren Tufan, Rabia Bilici et al

Case Rep Psychiatry. 2014; 2014: 360480

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4190062/

■ Capgras syndrome in first-episode psychotic disorders

Paola Salvatore, Chaya Bhuvaneswar, Mauricio Tohen et al

Psychopathology. 2014; 47(4): 261–269.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4065173/

■ Aparición de delirio de Capgras tras afección por hemorragia subaracnoidea en paciente con trastorno mental grave.

Alayeto Gastón, María Angeles and Sánchez Lucas, Naiara

Rev. Asoc. Esp. Neuropsiq., Set 2013, vol.33, no.119, p.607-616

http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0211-57352013000300011&lng=es&nrm=iso

■ Clinical features and imaging findings in a case of Capgras syndrome

Maria Luca, Andrea Bordone, Antonina Luca et al

Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2013; 9: 1095–1099

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3742348/

■ Capgras syndrome in dementia with Lewy bodies

Papan Thaipisutikul, Iryna Lobach, Yael Zweig, Ashita Gurnani, James E. Galvin

Int Psychogeriatr. 2013 May; 25(5): 843–849

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4004517/

■ Capgras syndrome presenting in an adolescent girl in the Caribbean.

Gibson, RC et al.

West Indian med. j., Jan 2013, vol.62, no.1, p.95-98

http://caribbean.scielo.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0043-31442013000100019&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en

■ Capgras syndrome in postictal delirium

Devavrat Joshi, Sharad Koirala, Sachin Lamichhane et al

Psychiatry (Edgmont) 2010 Mar; 7(3): 37–39

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2861524/

■ Capgras syndrome induced by ketamine in a health subject

P.R. Corlett, D.C. D’Souza, J.H. Krystal

Biol Psychiatry. 2010 Jul 1; 68(1): e1–e2

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3721067/

■ Coexistência das síndromes de Capgras e Frégoli associadas à redução de volume frontotemporal e hiperintensidades em substância branca cerebral.

Turkiewicz, Gizela et al.

Rev. psiquiatr. clín., 2009, vol.36, no.6, p.240-243

http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0101-60832009000600004&lng=pt&nrm=iso

■ Capgras syndrome in a patient with multiple sclerosis: a case report

Ashish Sharma, Mariam Garuba, Matthew Egbert

Prim Care Companion J Clin Psychiatry. 2009; 11(5): 274

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2781046/

■ Capgras syndrome and unilateral spatial neglect in nonconvulsive status epileptics

L C Turtzo, J T Kleinman, R H Llinas

Clinical Note 2008, vol 20 (1-2): 61-6

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/bn/2008/935967/abs/

■ Síndrome de Capgras en enfermedad de Alzheimer: Presentación de 2 casos