Síndrome da Veia Cava Superior Online (Superior Vena Cava Syndrome)

 

¨A síndrome da veia cava superior (SVCS), por definição, é a expressão clínica da obstrução ao fluxo sanguíneo na veia cava superior. A síndrome clínica tem uma gradação nas manifestações que é correlata ao grau de obstrução da veia no mediastino. A SVCS resulta de qualquer condição que leva à obstrução de seu fluxo sanguíneo. A obstrução pode ser causada pela invasão ou compressão externa da VCS por um processo patológico que envolva o lado do pulmão direito, os nódulos linfáticos e outras estruturas do mediastino, ou por trombose no interior da VCS. Em alguns casos, tanto a compressão externa quanto a trombose podem coexistir. Detectar os sinais iniciais da síndrome como o edema facial matutino é tarefa diária do pneumologista ou cirurgião torácico. A dispnéia, a pletora facial e o edema cervicofacial são os sintomas mais freqüentes e até 60% dos pacientes chegam aos consultórios com estas queixas. O edema intersticial da cabeça e pescoço é visualmente impressionante, mas geralmente de pouca importância clínica. No entanto, o edema pode limitar o lúmen das vias nasais e da laringe e, potencialmente, comprometer a função da laringe e faringe, causando dispneia, estridor, tosse, rouquidão e disfagia. Mais recentemente, a incidência da SVCS devido à trombose aumentou, principalmente devido ao aumento do uso de dispositivos intravasculares, como cateteres venosos centrais e fios de marca-passo. A síndrome da veia cava superior (SVCS) de origem benigna representa 5-22% dos casos. Entre as principais causas benignas, estão a fibrose mediastinal, a seqüela pós-radiação, os cateteres venosos centrais, os marca-passos cardíacos, as fístulas arteriovenosas e os cateteres de hemodiálise.O tratamento da SVCS tem sido indicado para os pacientes sintomáticos. O manejo inicial constitui-se de medidas clínicas que visam ao alívio dos sintomas e a diminuição do edema no território drenado pela veia cava superior (VCS). O tratamento cirúrgico convencional ainda é a terapêutica mais freqüentemente utilizada para os casos refratários aos tratamentos menos invasivos, especialmente em pacientes mais jovens.Devido à baixa morbidade e aos resultados satisfatórios a médio prazo, as angioplastias venosas vêm se tornando o tratamento paliativo preferencial para a SVCS de origem maligna. O tratamento endovascular tem sido utilizado com sucesso em casos benignos de lesões pós-trombóticas, cicatrizes fibróticas pós-operatórias e pós-cateteres de longa permanência, hiperplasia intimal e lesões venosas pós-radioterapia. “

 

Superior vena cava syndrome as a paraneoplastic manifestationof soft tissue sarcoma

Ghorbani, Hosein et al.

Hematol., Transfus. CellTher., Mar 2018, vol.40, no.1, p.75-78

http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S2531-13792018000100075&lng=en&nrm=iso

 

Thrombogenic superior vena cava syndrome from long-sating central venous acess in a 5-year-old patient treated with ballon-expandable stents

Dabin Ji, Anne Elizabeth Gill, Robert Mitchell Ermentrout, Clifford Matthew Hawkins

J Radiol Case Rep. 2018 Apr; 12(4): 15–22

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5965290/

 

Superior vena cava in a patient with locally advanced lung cancer with good response to definitive chemoradiation: a case report

Jason Hinton, Alberto Cerra-Franco, Kevin Shiue et al

J Med Case Rep. 2018; 12: 301

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6195746/

 

Leadless pacing in a patient with superior vena cava syndrome undergoing lead extraction and percutaneous angioplasty

Giulio Zucchelli, Elena Favilli, Stefano Viani, Valentina Barletta et AL

J Cardiol Cases. 2018, vol 17(6): 212–214

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6149588/

 

Superior vena cava syndrome in conjunction with pulmonary vasculature compromise: a case study and literature review

Vincent Skovira, Maliha Ahmed, Thomas O. Genese

Am J Case Rep. 2018; vol19: 1237–1240

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6202881/

 

Kissing stents for superior vena cava syndrome due to mediastinal fibrosis

JérémyBardet, Dominique Fabre, Philippe Brenot et al

Open J Cardiovasc Surg. 2018;vol 10: 1179065218771900

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5977417/

 

Vena cava anomalies in thoracic surgery

AndreinaPagini, MassimilianoBassi, Daniele Diso et AL

J CardiothoracSurg. 2018; vol13: 19

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5795860/

 

Endovascular stenting in 2 patients with benign vena cava syndrome

J B Hooker, B M Hawkiins, M S Abu-Fadel

Tex Heart Inst J 2018, vol 45 (4): 264-269

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6183629/

 

Síndrome da veia cava superior após a ablação de fibrilação atrial por radiofreqüência

M L Z H da Trindade, A C T Rodrigues, C F Pisani et al

ArqBrasCardiol 2017, vol 109 (6)

http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0066-782X2017001500615&lng=pt&nrm=iso&tlng=pt

 

Non-seminomatousgermcell tumor presentingwith superior vena cava syndrome

Paolo K. Soriano, Muhammad F. Iqbal, Omar M. Siddiqui, Jeff F. Wang, Meghna R. Desai

Am J Case Rep. 2017; 18: 902–907

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5572934/

 

Superior Vena Cava Syndrome after Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation

Trindade, Maria Luciana Zacarias Hannouche da et al.

Arq. Bras. Cardiol., Dec 2017, vol.109, no.6, p.615-617

http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0066-782X2017001500615&lng=en&nrm=iso

 

Malignant venous obstruction: superior vena cava syndrome and beyond

Tamir Friedman, Keith B. Quencer, Sirish A. Kishore et al

SeminInterventRadiol. 2017 Dec; 34(4): 398–40

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5730434/

 

Endovascular treatment of bilateral pulmonary artery stenosis and superior vena cava syndrome ina patient with advanced mediastinal fibrosis

Leonardo I. Valentin, Joshua D. Kuban, RohitRamanathan, Cliff J. Whigham

Tex Heart Inst J. 2016 Jun; 43(3): 249–251

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4894706/

 

Invasive thymoma presenting as classic superior vena cava syndrome: a case of venous spread metastasis

Prasan Kumar Panda, Naveet Wig, Sanjeev Kumar, SudheerArava

BMJ Case Rep. 2016; 2016: bcr2016217695

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5111090/

 

Review of evolving etiologies, implications and treatment strategies for the superior vena cava syndrome

C Straka, J Ying, F Kong et al

Springerplus 2016, vol 5: 229

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4771672/

 

ICD leads extraction and clearing of acess way in a patient with superior vena cava syndrome: building a tunnel

Márcio Galindo Kiuchi, Ricardo Luiz Lima Andrade, Gustavo Ramalho da Silva et al

Medicine (Baltimore) 2015 Sep; 94(38): e1481

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4635743/

 

Superior Vena Cava Syndrome and Infectious Endocarditis Associated with Dual Chamber ICD Implantation

Ulloa, Javier Urmeneta, Borao, Isabel Molina and Boudet, MaruanChabbar

Rev. argent. cardiol., Dec 2015, vol.83, no.6, p.1-3

http://www.scielo.org.ar/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1850-37482015000600013&lng=es&nrm=iso

 

I Germinoma mediastinal y síndrome de vena cava. Informe de un caso y revisión de la literatura.

Oscar Melin Herrera, Enrique Sanchez Valdivieso, Angel Jaimes Torres et al

Rev. argent. cir., Set 2015, vol.107, no.3, p.1-3

http://www.scielo.org.ar/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S2250-639X2015000300010&lng=es&nrm=iso

 

The largest reported dissecting aneurysm of ascending aorta following aortic valve replacement accompanied by superior vena cava syndrome

FeridounSabzi, DonyaKhosravi, MaryamosadatHosseini, Reza Faraji

Ethiop J Health Sci. 2015 Jul; 25(3): 289–293

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4650886/

 

Case report of fatal complication of superior vena cava tear from baloom dilatation of iatrogenic superior vena cava narrowing

N Chandrasekaran, A Thimmarayappa, A Jagadeesh

Ann Card Anaesth 2015, vol 18: 589-92

http://www.annals.in/text.asp?2015/18/4/589/166478

 

Palliative treatment of superior vena cava syndrome with nitinol stents

Poul Erik Andersen, StevoDuvnjak

Int J Angiol. 2014 Dec; 23(4): 255–262

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4244246/

 

Use of transesophageal echocardiography in endovascular stenting for superior vena cava syndrome

Felipe Nasser, Rafael Noronha Cavalcante, Francisco Leonardo Galastri, Breno Boueri Affonso

BMJ Case Rep. 2013; 2013: bcr2013010356

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3762214/

 

Tratamento convencional e endovascular para rara associação de doenças: síndrome de veia cava superior e aneurisma aorto-ilíaco – controle após 12 meses.

Solano, Gustavo Petorossi et al.

  1. vasc. bras., Set 2011, vol.10, no.3, p.217-22

http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1677-54492011000300006&lng=en&nrm=iso

 

Síndrome de lavena cava superior enelposoperatorioinmediato de trasplante cardíaco: tratamientoendovascular

Marenchino, Ricardo G et al.

Rev. argent. cardiol., Oct 2011, vol.79, no.5, p.457-460

http://www.scielo.org.ar/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1850-37482011000500015&lng=es&nrm=iso

 

Tratamento cirúrgico da síndrome da veia cava superior causado por timoma invasivo.

Rosa, George Ronald Soncini da et al.

RevBrasCirCardiovasc, Jun 2010, vol.25, no.2, p.257-260

http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0102-76382010000200022&lng=en&nrm=iso

 

Superior vena cava syndrome in a patient with previous cardiac surgery: What else should we suspect?

Panagiotis Dedeilias, IoannisNenekidis, Panagiotis Hountis et al

DiagnPathol. 2010; 5: 43

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2904740/

 

Chemoradiation-induced superior vena cava syndrome: a case report

Mathieu Castonguay, George Rodrigues, Mark Vincent et al

Can Respir J. 2008 Nov-Dec; 15(8): 444–446

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2682168/

 

Superior vena cava syndrome – a proposed classification system and algorithm for management

J B Yu , L D Wilson, F C Detterbeck

J Thorax Oncol 2008, vol 3 (8): 811-4

https://www.jto.org/article/S1556-0864(15)30443-3/fulltext

 

Tratamento endovascular da síndrome da veia cava superior: relato de caso e revisão da literatura.

Cardozo, Marco Aurélio et al.

  1. vasc. bras., Dez 2006, vol.5, no.4, p.308-312

http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1677-54492006000400011&lng=en&nrm=iso

 

Tratamento da síndrome da veia cava superior.

Cirino, Luís Marcelo Inaco et al.

  1. bras. pneumol., Dez 2005, vol.31, no.6, p.540-550

http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1806-37132005000600013&lng=en&nrm=iso

 

An unusual clinical presentation resembling superior vena syndrome post heart surgery

Angel López-Candales, David Kaczorowski, Ronald Pellegrini

CardiovascUltrasound. 2005; 3: 31

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1262735/

 

Sesión anatomo clínica Hombre de 31 añoscon síndrome de vena cava superior y ensanchamiento mediastinal.

VázquezManríquez, María Eugenia et al.

Rev. Inst. Nal. Enf. Resp. Mex., Jun 2005, vol.18, no.2, p.109-116

http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0187-75852005000200006&lng=es&nrm=iso

 

Síndrome da veia cava superior em criança.

Seidel, Amélia Cristina, Miranda Jr, Fausto and Souza, Daniela Franco de

Rev. Col. Bras. Cir., Dez 2004, vol.31, no.6, p.402-403

http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-69912004000600014

 

Síndrome de veia cava superior

Cordeiro, Samuel, Zuinglio de Biasi and Cordeiro, Paulo de Biasi

  1. Pneumologia, Set 2002, vol.28, no.5, p.288-293

http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0102-35862002000500009&lng=en&nrm=iso

 

by Dr Paulo Fernando Leite

Cardiologia/Prevenção Cardiovascular

Estratificação de Risco Cardiovascular

Av Contorno 8351 – Conj 01

Belo Horizonte/MG/Brasil

Tel: 31 32919216   2917003   3357229

(- consulta particular –)

CRMMG: 7026

Email: pfleite1873@gmail.com

Parasitoses Intestinais Online: Casos Clínicos Online (Intestinal Parasitoses: case reports)

 

Strongyloides stercolalis hyperinfection

H H McDonald, M Moore

N Engls J Med 2017, vol 376: 2376

http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMicm1612018

 

Colorectal cancer associated with strongyloides stercoralis colitis

Carmine Catalano, Joshua Aron, Raghav Bansal, Anatoly Leytin

ACG Case Rep J. 2017; 4: e104

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Stronyloides stercoralis infection among human immunodeficiency vírus (HIV)-infected patients in the United State of America: a case report and review of literatures

Laia Jimena Vazquez Guillamet, Zane Saul, Goran Miljkovic et al

Am J Case Rep. 2017; 18: 339–346

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Strongyloides stercoralis infection in alcoholic patients

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Biomed Res Int. 2016; 2016: 4872473

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A fatal strongyloides stercoralis hyperinfection syndrome in a patient with chronic kidney disease: a case report and literature review

Ting-ting Qu, Qing Yang, Mei-hong Yu, Jie Wang

Medicine (Baltimore) 2016 May; 95(19): e3638

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Strongyloides stercoralis hyperinfection in a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia

Richelle Guerrero-Wooley, Ernesto Aranda-Aguirre, Wencheng Li et al

Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2017 Nov 8; 97(5): 1629–1631

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Case report: a case of recurrent strongyloides stercoralis colitis in a patient with multiple myeloma

Keith Glenn, David A. Lindholm, Gregory Meis, Luisa Watts, Nicholas Conger

Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2017 Nov 8; 97(5): 1619–162

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5817752/

 

Strongyloides stercoralis hyperinfection in an HIV-infected patient successfully treated with subcutaneous ivermectin

Paolo Antonio Grossi, Domenico Lombardi, Alessia Petrolo et al

Trop Med Infect Dis. 2018, vol 3(2): 4

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6073990/

 

Multiorgan dysfunction syndrome from strongyloides stercoralis hyperinfection in a patient with Human T-Cell lymphotropic virus-1 coinfection after initiation of ivermectin treatment

Tatvam T. Choksi, Gul Madison, Tawseef Dar et al

Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2016 Oct 5; 95(4): 864–867

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5062789/

 

Taenia saginata as a cause of bowel obstruction

Arif Ahmad Wani, Mohd Ilyas, Irfan Robbani, Sayar Ahmad Taley

ACG Case Rep J. 2018; 5: e37

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Taeniasis related frequent intestinal obstruction: case report and mini-review

P Li, L Xu, Jie Xiang et al

Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research 2015, vol 4 (1)

http://www.ghrnet.org/index.php/joghr/article/view/944/1123

 

Taneniasis: a possible cause of ileal bleeding

A Settesoldi, A Tozzi, O Tarantino

World J Clin Case 2017, vol 5 (12): 432-436

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Taenia solium

C A Philips, A Sahney

N Engl J Med 376: e4

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A case of Taenia Asiatic infection diagnosed by colonoscopy

Heung Up Kim, Young-Bae Chung

Korean J Parasitol. 2017 Feb; 55(1): 65–6

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Taeniasis related frequent intestinal obstruction: case-report and mini-review

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Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research 2015, vol 4 (1)

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Co-infection with Enterobious vermicularis and Taenia saginata mimicking acute appendicitis

K H Saravi, M Fakhar, J Nematian, M Chasemi

Journal of Infection and Public Health 2016, vol 9 (4): 519-522

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1876034115002154

 

Enterobius vermiculares infestation leading to Merckel´s diverticulitis in an adolescent boy: an extremely rare presentation

Manupriya Sharma, Rashmi Kaul, Bal Chander

J Lab Physicians. 2018, vol 10(1): 106–108

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5784279/

 

Trichuris trichiura – an unwelcome surprise during colonoscopy

Tagore Sunkara, Santosh R. Sharma, Andrew Ofosu

Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2018 Sep; 99(3): 555–556

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6169157/

 

Colonoscopy diagnosis of cecal worms (Trichuris Trichiura)

Ona MA, Papafragkakis H, Reddy M.

Ann Gastroenterol. 2015 Jul-Sep;28(3):406

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Intestinal obstruction in a 3-year-old girl by Ascaris lumbricóides infestation: case report and review of the literature

A M Andrade, Y Perez, C Lopez et AL

Medicine (Baltimore) 2015, vol 94 (16): e655

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A case of biliary ascariasis in Korea

Jun-Ho Choi, Min Seo

Korean J Parasitol. 2017 Dec; 55(6): 659–66

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Ascaridial volvulus: an uncommon cause of ileal perforation

C Danny Darlington, MBBS, MS, G Fatima Shirly Anitha, MBBS, MD

Iran J Med Sci. 2018, vol 43(4): 432–435

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Ascaris in the urinary tract: a case report and review of the literature

Bohdan Baralo, Sandeep Gurram, Joph Steckel, Maksym Chulii, Alexandr Sharpilo

Urol Case Rep. 2018, vol 17: 82–84

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5790817/

 

Gallbladder ascariasis in Kosovo – focus on ultrasound and conservative therapy: a case series

Vlora Ismaili-Jaha, Halim Toro, Lidvana Spahiu et al

J Med Case Rep. 2018; vol 12: 8

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Biliary ascariasis: mimicker of biliary stent

Malay Sharma, Piyush Somani, Rajendra Prasad, Saurabh Jindal, Amit Pathak

VideoGIE. 2017 Jul; 2(7): 179–181

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Ascaris lumbricoides discharge from the mouth

Y Kobayashi, J Tsuyuzaki

Case Rep Gastroenterol 2018, vol 12: 153-157

https://www.karger.com/Article/FullText/488524

 

Ectopic schistosoma mansoni eggs inside a lipoma

Kelly Renata Sabino, Maurício Buzelin Nunes, Andy Petroianu

Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2016 Jan 6; 94(1): 156–15

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4710421/

 

Colorectal cancer in a patient with intestinal schistosomiasis: a case report from Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Center Northern Zone Tanzania

Ayesiga M Herman, Alfred Kishe, Heri Babu et al

World J Surg Oncol. 2017; 15: 146

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5541651/

 

Treatment of schistosomiasis in a patient allergic to prazinquantel: a desensitization and treatment protocol

T A Patel, J Lukawska, J Rowe, R L Bailey

Am J Trop Med Hyg 2016, vol 95 (5): 1041-1043

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5094214/

 

Clinical management of advanced schistosomiasis: a case of portal vein thrombosis-induced splenomegaly requiring surgery

David U Olveda, Remigio M Olveda, Conor Jan Montes et al

BMJ Case Rep. 2014; 2014: bcr2014203897

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4069676/

 

Schistosomiasis manifesting as a colon polyp: a case report

Iyad Issa, Mona Osman, Georges Aftimos

J Med Case Rep. 2014; 8: 331

http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0103-11042017000500229&lng=en&nrm=iso

 

Elevated serum IgG4 levels in a young patient with polyserositis and necator americanus infection

Giuseppe D. Sanna, Roberto Manetti, Valentina de Filippo, Sergio Babudieri

Case Reports Immunol. 2018; 2018: 2974756

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5831313/

 

Hookworm infection caused acute intestinal bleeding diagnosed by capsule: a case report and literature review

Xia Tan, Meichu Cheng, Jie Zhang, Guochun Chen, Di Liu, Yexin Liu, Hong Liu

Korean J Parasitol. 2017 Aug; 55(4): 417–420

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5594724/

 

Tools for detection of schistosomiasis in resource limited settings

Olumide Ajibola, Bashar Haruna Gulumbe, Anthonius Anayochukwu Eze, Emmanuel Obishakin

Med Sci (Basel) 2018 Jun; 6(2): 39

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6024580/

 

Schistosomiasis in European travelers and migrants: analysis of 14 years tropnet surveillance data

Tilman Lingscheid, Florian Kurth, Jan Clerinx et al

TropNet Schistosomiasis Investigator Group

Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2017 Aug 2; 97(2): 567–574

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5544096/

 

Are we on our way to achieving the 2012 goals for schistosomiasis morbidity control using current world health organization

Jaspreet Toor, Ramzi Alsallaq, James E Truscott et al

Clin Infect Dis. 2018, vol 66(Suppl 4): S245–S252

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5982704/

 

Epidemiology of taeniosis/cysticercosis in Europe, a systematic review: eastern Europe

Chiara Trevisan, Smaragda Sotiraki, Minerva Laranjo-González et al

Parasit Vectors. 2018; vol 11

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6208121/

 

Laboratory diagnosis of parasites from the gastrointestinal tract

Lynne S. Garcia, Michael Arrowood, Evelyne Kokoskin et al

Clin Microbiol Rev. 2018, vol 31(1): e00025-1

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5740970/

 

Are medical laboratories ready for the diagnosis of parasitic diseases?

Ahmet Özbilgin

EJIFCC. 2018, vol 29(3): 171–174

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6247129/

 

Helminths and intestinal barrier function

Derek M. McKay, Adam Shute, Fernando Lopes

Tissue Barriers. 2017; 5(1): e1283385

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5362995/

 

Intestinal parasites: associations with intestinal and systemic inflammation

  1. A. Zavala, O. P. García, M. Camacho et al

Parasite Immunol. 2018, vol 40(4): e1251

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5901043/

 

by Dr Paulo Fernando Leite

Cardiologia/Prevenção Cardiovascular

Estratificação de Risco Cardiovascular

Av Contorno 8351 – Conj 01

Belo Horizonte/MG/Brasil

Tel: 31 32919216   2917003   3357229

(- consulta particular –)

CRMMG: 7026

Email: pfleite1873@gmail.com