Blog - INTERNET MÉDICA

Herpes Zoster Online (Herpes Zoster)

Por Paulo Leite 19/08/2019

¨O nome herpes vem do grego herpein que significa “aquilo que irrompe de surpresa”, pois a herpes em suas diferentes formas virais pode manter-se latente ao longo dos anos até a primo-infecção irromper-se. O vírus varicela-zoster (VVZ) é um herpesvírus que causa a varicela e persiste de forma latente no sistema nervoso após um quadro de infecção primária. A reativação do VVZ em um nervo craniano ou no gânglio dorsal da raiz, com propagação ao longo do nervo sensorial para o dermátomo, leva a manifestações cutâneas dolorosas, condição essa denominada herpes zoster. A reativação do herpesvírus está intimamente correlacionada ao sistema imunológico, uma vez que a doença ocorre principalmente em indivíduos imunocomprometidos por outras doenças, como câncer, síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida, imunossupressão pós-transplante e quimioterapia. Há forte correlação entre a maior incidência de herpes zoster (HZ) com o aumento da idade, principalmente acima de 55 anos, porque a idade avançada está associada a um declínio na resposta imune mediada pelas células T. O quadro clínico do HZ é, quase sempre, típico. A maioria dos doentes refere, antecedendo às lesões cutâneas, dores nevrálgicas, além de parestesias, ardor e prurido locais, acompanhados de febre, cefaleia e mal-estar. A lesão elementar é uma vesícula sobre base eritematosa. A erupção é unilateral, raramente ultrapassando a linha mediana, seguindo o trajeto de um nervo. Surgem de modo gradual, levando de dois a quatro dias para se estabelecerem. Quanto ao diagnóstico, na sua grande maioria, é feito de forma clínica, sem a necessidade de exames complementares. A neuralgia, sintoma mais comum em pacientes acometidos por HZ é caracterizada por dor neuropática crônica com persistência mínima de um mês no trajeto do nervo afetado e que se inicia entre um e seis meses após a cura das erupções cutâneas, podendo durar anos. A incidência de neuralgia pós-herpética (NPH) varia entre 10% e 20% em idosos imunocompetentes. As complicações neurológicas do HZ podem incluir encefalite aguda ou crônica, mielite, meningite asséptica, neuropatias motoras, síndrome de Guillain-Barré, hemiparesia e paralisia de nervos periféricos ou cranianos. As complicações mais comuns incluem infecção bacteriana por Staphylococcus aureus ou Streptococcus pyogenes, formação de cicatriz e hiperpigmentação. A NPH é uma complicação descrita e merece destaque, pela sua elevada frequência e pelo impacto negativo na qualidade de vida do indivíduo. Estudos demonstram que a incidência de NPH é bastante variável e depende da idade, sendo de 5% em pacientes com menos de 60 anos, 10% em indivíduos com 60 a 69 anos e de 20% naqueles com mais de 80 anos de idade¨

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■ Dr Paulo Fernando Leite

Cardiologia/Prevenção Cardiovascular

Estratificação de Risco Cardiovascular

Consultório: Rua Padre Rolim 815/sala 601

Tel: 33245518 (Consulta Particular/Unimed)

– Centro Médico Unimed BH/Contagem/Pedro I

Belo Horizonte/MG/Brasil

CRMMG: 7026

Email: pfleite1873@gmail.com

Psicofarmacologia: Casos Clinicos Online (Psychopharmacology: Case reports)

Por Paulo Leite 17/08/2019

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