– ¨A Síndrome de Wolfram (SW) foi descrita em 1938 pela primeira vez por Wolfram e Wagener. Os pesquisadores a classificaram como uma síndrome de caráter hereditário caracterizada pela presença de diabetes mellitus e atrofia óptica, ambas adquiridas no início da vida. As descrições subsequentes adicionaram diabetes insipidus e surdez à síndrome, as quais se desenvolvem em aproximadamente 73 e 62% dos doentes, respectivamente. Diante disso, patologia também foi nomeada DIDMOAD, iniciais dos principais achados clínicos, sendo eles diabetes insipidus, diabetes mellitus, atrofia óptica e surdez. A atrofia óptica e diabetes mellitus são considerados critérios diagnósticos mínimos. Na síndrome, a perda da acuidade visual corriqueiramente se define como uma perda simétrica de alta frequência, com uma progressão degenerativa relativamente lenta que surge na segunda ou terceira década de vida. Já o diabetes mellitus evolui lentamente com menor número de complicações, como alterações microvasculares, cetoacidose diabética e oscilação da glicemia, quando comparado a pacientes portadores de diabetes tipo 1 por outra etiologia. A perda auditiva tende a ser lentamente progressiva e afeta principalmente as altas frequências, entre 250 e 2000 Hz, resultando em diagnósticos tardios.A síndrome se traduz em uma desregulação na homeostasia do cálcio no Retículo Endoplasmático (RE), o qual realiza o armazenamento desse íon e é capaz de identificar conformações proteicas anormais e encaminhá-las para a degradação. Entretanto, por mutações genéticas autossômicas recessivas, o RE perde essa capacidade e passa a acumular proteínas aberrantes, o que desencadeia uma resposta ao estresse, levando à apoptose de células neuronais e células beta pancreáticas, sendo responsável pelas alterações clínicas vistas nessa síndrome. Portanto, a SW acaba integrando um aspecto mitocondrial secundário.¨
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■ Relato de um paciente brasileiro com síndrome de Wolfram
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■ Dr Paulo Fernando Leite
Cardiologia/Prevenção Cardiovascular
Estratificação de Risco Cardiovascular
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Data: Fev 2020