Linfoma de Hodgkin Online (Hodgkin´s Lymphoma)

¨Os linfomas são neoplasias do sistema imunitário com procedência em linfócitos que envolvem os tecidos linfoides com desenvolvimento de massas tumorais. Estão distribuídos em dois grupos principais: linfomas de Hodgkin (LH) e linfomas não Hodgkin. O LH é uma neoplasia linfoproliferativa caracterizada histopatologicamente pela presença de células neoplásicas com variada morfologia denominadas Reed-Sternberg, em meio a infiltrdo de linfócitos pequenos (não-neoplásicos). Geralmente, o paciente tem adenopatia cervical, que pode evoluir com acometimento de outras cadeias. O estadiamento segue o sistema de Ann Arbor. Parte do estadiamento inclui a avaliação da medula óssea, sendo a biópsia mandatória. O linfoma de Hodgkin (LH) é considerado uma doença curável em aproximadamente 75% dos casos. O papel da radioterapia na abordagem do linfoma de Hodgkin é bem definido. O regime quimioterápico mais utilizado é o chamado ABVD, associado ou não a radioterapia para massas originalmente maiores que 10 cm e nos estágios mais iniciais em associação ao esquema ABVD. Para os raros pacientes com doença refratária ou recidivada, existem diversos regimes de salvamento e pode lançar-se mão de quimioterapia de altas doses com resgate de células-tronco autólogas (transplante autólogo) ou até transplante alogênico de células-tronco. São vários os efeitos tardios do tratamento da doença de Hodgkin: leucemias secundárias ao uso de medicamentos quimioterápicos e/ou radioterapia, câncer de mama secundário, a radioterapia do tórax, a doença coronariana precoce, pericardite constrictiva, hipotireoidismo e aumento da incidência de diversos tumores sólidos durante a evolução clínica nos anos subsequentes ao tratamento. ¨

■ Hodgkin lymphoma: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up

D A Eichenauer, B M P Aleman, M André et al

Annals of Oncology 2018, vol 29, issue supplement_4: pages iv19-iv 29

https://academic.oup.com/annonc/article/29/Supplement_4/iv19/4999396

■ Imaging features of extranodal involvement in paediatric Hodkin lymphoma

Suzanne Spijkers, Annemieke S. Littooij, Paul D. Humphries et al

Pediatr Radiol. 2019; 49(2): 266–276

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6334729/

■ CCR5 antagonism by maraviroc inhibits Hodgkin lymphoma microenvironment interations and xenograft growth

Naike Casagrande, Cinzia Borghese, Lydia Visser et al

Haematologica. 2019 Mar; 104(3): 564–575

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6395337/

■ A phase II study of the oral JAK1/JAK2 inhibitor ruxolitinib in advanced relapsed/refractory Hodgkin lymphoma

Eric Van Den Neste, Marc André, Thomas Gastinne et al

Haematologica. 2018 May; 103(5): 840–848

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5927969/

■ Hodgkin lymphoma: a review and update on recent progress

S Shanbhag, R F Ambinder

CA Cancer J Clin 2018, vol 68 (2): 116-132

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5842098/

■ Fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography staging can replace bone marrow biopsy in Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Results from Brazilian Hodgkin’s Lymphoma Study Group.

Cerci, Juliano Júlio et al.

Hematol., Transfus. Cell Ther., Sept 2018, vol.40, no.3, p.245-249

http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S2531-13792018000300245&lng=en&nrm=iso

■ The role of immune checkpoing inhibitors in classical Hodgkin lymphoma

Nicholas Meti, Khashayar Esfahani, Nathalie A. Johnson

Cancers (Basel) 2018 Jun; 10(6): 204.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6025119/

■ Expression of the immune checkpoint receptor TIGIT in Hodgkin´s lymphoma

Wenchao Li, Niclas C. Blessin, Ronald Simon et al

BMC Cancer. 2018; 18: 1209

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6280445/

■ Nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma: a unique disease deserving unique management

Dennis A. Eichenauer, Andreas Engert

Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program. 2017 Dec 8; 2017(1): 324–328

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6142570/

■ What´s new on primary Hodgkin´s lymphoma of the breast? A case report and review of the literature

M Faenza, A Ronchi, A Santoriello et al

Int J Surg Case Rep 2017, vol 38:149-153

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5537453/

■ High frequency of primary refractory disease and low progression-free survival rate of Hodgkin’s lymphoma: a decade of experience in a Latin American center

Jaime-Pérez, José Carlos et al.

Rev. Bras. Hematol. Hemoter., Dec 2017, vol.39, no.4, p.325-330

http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-84842017000400325&lng=en&nrm=iso

■ Hodgkin’s lymphoma in developing countries: can we go further?

Gaiolla, Rafael Dezen.

Rev. Bras. Hematol. Hemoter., Dec 2017, vol.39, no.4, p.299-300

http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-84842017000400299&lng=en&nrm=iso

■ New agents in relapsed/refractory Hodgkin’s lymphoma

Biasoli, Irene and Spector, Nelson

Rev. Bras. Hematol. Hemoter., Sept 2017, vol.39, no.3, p.193-196

http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-84842017000300193&lng=en&nrm=iso

■ Everolimus as a single agent in refractory or relapsed Hodgkin’s lymphoma: the Brazilian Named Patient Program Experience.

Rocha, Talita Máira Bueno da Silveira da et al.

Rev. Bras. Hematol. Hemoter., Sept 2017, vol.39, no.3, p.216-222.

http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-84842017000300216&lng=en&nrm=iso

■ Cutaneous granulomatous reaction as the first manifestation of Hodgkin’s lymphoma

Moreira, Catarina et al.

Rev. Bras. Hematol. Hemoter., Mar 2017, vol.39, no.1, p.70-72

http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-84842017000100070&lng=en&nrm=iso

■ Hodgkin lymphoma: current status and clinical trial

Catherine S. Diefenbach, Joseph M. Connors, Jonathan W. Friedberg et al

J Natl Cancer Inst. 2017 Apr; 109(4): djw249

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6059238/

■ Secondary malignant neoplasms, progression-free survival and overall survival in patients treated for Hodgkins lymphoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials

Dennis A. Eichenauer, Ingrid Becker, Ina Monsef, et al

Haematologica. 2017 Oct; 102(10): 1748–1757

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5622859/

■ Long-term hospitalization rates among 5-years survivor of Hodgkin lymphoma in adolescence or young adulthood: A nationwide cohort study

Kathrine Rugbjerg, Maja Maraldo, Marianne C. Aznar et al

Int J Cancer. 2017 May 15; 140(10): 2232–2245

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5396317/

■ Hodgkin lymphoma: 2016 update on diagnosis, risk-stratification, and management

S M Ansell

American Journal of Hematology march 2016

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/ajh.24272

■ Treatment of relapsed and refractory Hodgkin lymphoma

Bastian von Tresckow, Craig Moskowitz

Semin Hematol. 2016 Jul; 53(3): 180–185

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5637390/

■ Age-adjusted international prognostic index is a predictor of survival in gastric diffuse B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma patients.

Delamain, Marcia Torresan et al.

Rev. Bras. Hematol. Hemoter., Sept 2016, vol.38, no.3, p.247-251

http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-84842016000300247&lng=en&nrm=iso

■ Pediatric Hodgkin lymphoma – biomarkers, drugs, and clinical trials for translational science and medicine

Poonam Nagpal, Mohamed R. Akl, Nehad M. Ayoub et al

Oncotarget. 2016 Oct 11; 7(41): 67551–67573

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5341896/

■ Hodgkin lymphoma in the elderly, pregnant, and HIV-infected

Veronika Bachanova, Joseph M. Connors

Semin Hematol. 2016 Jul; 53(3): 203–208

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5568247/

■ Evaluation correlates C-reactive protein with advanced stage Hodgkin’s lymphoma and response to treatment in a tertiary university hospital in Brazil.

Rocha, Talita Máira Bueno da Silveira da et al.

Rev. Bras. Hematol. Hemoter., Aug 2015, vol.37, no.4, p.242-246

http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-84842015000400242&lng=en&nrm=iso

■ Outcomes in relapsed Hodgkin’s lymphoma treated with autologous and allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation at the Pontiﬁcia Universidad Católica de Chile

Ramirez, Pablo et al.

Rev. Bras. Hematol. Hemoter., June 2015, vol.37, no.3, p.184-189

http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-84842015000300184&lng=en&nrm=iso

■ Lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin´s disease in children: a case study and review of the literature

J R Stier, R J Vasquez

Case Reports in Oncology 2015, Article ID 351431

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/crionm/2015/351431/

■ Fertility in female survivors of Hodgkin’s lymphoma

Biasoli, Irene et al.

Rev. Bras. Hematol. Hemoter., 2012, vol.34, no.1, p.48-53

http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-84842012000100014&lng=en&nrm=iso

■ Hodgkin lymphoma